Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem. It's like a recipe for a computer, providing a sequence of instructions to achieve a specific outcome. Algorithms are used in various fields, including computer science, mathematics, and engineering.
Key characteristics of algorithms:
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Input: The data that the algorithm processes.
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Output: The result produced by the algorithm.
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Definiteness: Each step must be precisely defined and unambiguous.
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Finiteness: The algorithm must terminate after a finite number of steps.
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Effectiveness: Each step must be executable.
Examples of algorithms:
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Sorting algorithms: Arrange data in a specific order (e.g., bubble sort, quicksort).
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Search algorithms: Find a specific element in a data structure (e.g., linear search, binary search).
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Graph algorithms: Analyze and solve problems on graphs (e.g., Dijkstra's algorithm for shortest path).
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Mathematical algorithms: Perform calculations or solve mathematical problems (e.g., Euclidean algorithm for greatest common divisor).
Algorithms are the foundation of computer science and are essential for solving a wide range of problems efficiently.
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