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Friday, 28 November 2025

Natural Language Processing (NLP)


Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that gives computers the ability to understand, interpret, and generate human language in a way that is meaningful and useful.

Think of NLP as a bridge between computer code (ones and zeros) and human communication (words and sentences).

How NLP Works (Simply Explained)

Computers don't inherently "know" what words mean. To them, the word "Apple" is just a string of characters. NLP breaks language down so the computer can process it.

This usually happens in two main phases:

  1. Natural Language Understanding (NLU): The computer reads the text and tries to figure out what you are saying (the meaning).

  2. Natural Language Generation (NLG): The computer creates a response that sounds like it was written by a human.

  3. Shutterstock
    Explore

Real-World Examples of NLP

You likely interact with NLP every day without realizing it. Here are the most common examples:

1. Email Spam Filters

  • The Problem: You don't want junk mail cluttering your inbox.

  • The NLP Solution: Gmail or Outlook uses NLP to "read" the subject line and body of emails. If it finds patterns like "Buy now!" "Free money," or bad grammar typical of scams, it automatically moves that email to your Spam folder.

2. Virtual Assistants (Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant)

  • The Problem: You want to set a timer but your hands are covered in flour.

  • The NLP Solution: You say, "Hey Google, set a timer for 10 minutes."

    • The system listens to the sound.

    • NLU converts the sound to text and understands that "set a timer" is a command and "10 minutes" is the duration.

    • It executes the action.

3. Language Translation (Google Translate)

  • The Problem: You are reading a website in French but only speak English.

  • The NLP Solution: You paste the text into Google Translate. The AI doesn't just swap words one-by-one (which would sound robotic); it uses NLP to understand the context of the sentence to rearrange the grammar so it sounds natural in English.

4. Autocorrect & Predictive Text

  • The Problem: You are typing fast and misspell "restaurant."

  • The NLP Solution: Your phone analyzes the letters you typed (restuarant) and the words coming before it ("I want to go to a..."). It predicts that you meant "restaurant" and fixes it for you.

5. Sentiment Analysis (Business Use)

  • The Problem: A company like Nike wants to know if people like their new shoes.

  • The NLP Solution: Instead of reading 100,000 tweets manually, they use NLP software. The software scans tweets for words like "love," "comfortable," or "hate," "expensive," and gives the company a score (e.g., 80% Positive Sentiment).

  • Shutterstock

Summary of Key Concepts

ConceptExplanationExample
TokenizationBreaking sentences into individual words."I love AI" $\rightarrow$ [I, love, AI]
Sentiment Analysisdetecting the "mood" of the text."This is the worst pizza" $\rightarrow$ Negative
Entity RecognitionFinding names, places, and dates."Meeting with John in London" $\rightarrow$ [Person: John], [Location: London]

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Natural Language Processing (NLP) - ā°Ēూā°°్ā°¤ి ā°¨ోⰟ్ā°¸్

1. NLP (Natural Language Processing) ā°…ంⰟే ā°ā°ŽిⰟి?

ā°Žā°¨ుā°ˇుā°˛ు ā°¤ెā°˛ుā°—ు, ā°‡ంā°—్ā°˛ీā°ˇ్, ā°šింā°Ļీ ā°ĩంⰟి ā°­ాⰎⰞ్ā°˛ో ā°ŽాⰟ్ā°˛ాā°Ąుā°•ుంⰟాā°°ు. ā°•ాā°¨ీ ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ⰞⰕు Ⰸ ā°­ాⰎⰞు ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩం ā°•ాā°ĩు. ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ⰞⰕు ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩā°Žā°¯్ā°¯ేā°Ļి ā°•ేā°ĩā°˛ం "ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ā°¸్" (Binary Code - 0s and 1s) ā°Žాā°¤్ā°°ā°Žే.

  • ā°¨ిā°°్ā°ĩⰚⰍం: ā°Žā°¨ుā°ˇుā°˛ు ā°ŽాⰟ్ā°˛ాā°Ąే ā°˛ేā°Ļా ā°°ాā°¸ే ā°­ాⰎⰍు (Natural Language), ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్‌ā°•ి ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩā°Žā°¯్ā°¯ే ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ā°¸్ ā°˛ేā°Ļా ā°ĄేⰟాā°—ా ā°Žాā°°్Ⱊే ā°¸ాంā°•ేā°¤ిⰕⰤⰍు NLP ā°…ంⰟాā°°ు.

  • ā°Žుā°–్ā°¯ ā°‰ā°Ļ్ā°Ļేā°ļం: ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ ā°Žā°¨ిā°ˇి ā°­ాⰎⰍు Ⱊā°Ļā°ĩాā°˛ి, ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩం Ⱊేā°¸ుā°•ోā°ĩాā°˛ి ā°Žā°°ిā°¯ు ā°Ļాā°¨ిā°•ి ⰤⰗిā°¨ ā°¸ā°Žాā°§ాā°¨ం ā°‡ā°ĩ్ā°ĩాā°˛ి.


2. AI ā°Ē్ā°°ā°ĒంⰚంā°˛ో NLP ā°¸్ā°Ĩాā°¨ం

NLP ā°…ā°¨ేā°Ļి ā°’ంⰟⰰిā°—ా ā°‰ంā°Ąేā°Ļి ā°•ాā°Ļు, ā°‡ā°Ļి AIā°˛ో ā°’ā°• ā°­ాā°—ం.

  • Artificial Intelligence (AI): ā°‡ā°Ļి ā°Ē్ā°°ā°§ాā°¨ā°Žైā°¨ ā°—ొā°Ąుā°—ు (Umbrella term).

  • Machine Learning (ML): ā°‡ā°Ļి AIā°˛ో ā°’ā°• ā°­ాā°—ం.

  • NLP: ā°‡ā°Ļి MLā°¤ో ā°•ā°˛ిā°¸ి ā°Ēā°¨ిⰚేā°¸ే ā°’ā°• ā°Ē్ā°°ā°¤్ā°¯ేā°• ā°ĩిā°­ాā°—ం.

  • Generative AI: ā°Ē్ā°°ā°¸్ā°¤ుā°¤ం ā°Žā°¨ం ā°ĩాā°Ąుā°¤ుā°¨్ā°¨ ChatGPT, Grok ā°ĩంⰟిā°ĩి NLP ā°Žā°°ిā°¯ు ML ⰕⰞⰝిā°•ā°¤ో ā°Ēā°¨ిⰚేā°¸్ā°¤ాā°¯ి. ā°‡ā°ĩి ā°•ొā°¤్ā°¤ ā°•ంⰟెంⰟ్‌ā°¨ి ā°¸ృā°ˇ్Ⱏిā°¸్ā°¤ాā°¯ి.


3. NLP ā°¯ొā°•్ā°• ā°Žుā°–్ā°¯ā°Žైā°¨ ā°‰ā°Ēā°¯ోā°—ాā°˛ు (Applications)

ā°°ిⰝⰞ్ Ⱏైā°Ž్‌ā°˛ో ā°Žā°¨ం NLPā°¨ి ā°Žā°•్ā°•ā°Ąెā°•్ā°•ā°Ą ā°ĩాā°Ąుā°¤ుā°¨్ā°¨ాం?

  1. Language Translation (ā°­ాā°ˇ ā°…ā°¨ుā°ĩాā°Ļం): ā°—ూā°—ుā°˛్ Ⱏ్ā°°ాā°¨్ā°¸్‌ā°˛ేⰟ్ ā°˛ాā°—ా, ā°’ā°• ā°­ాā°ˇ ā°¨ుంā°Ąి ā°Žā°°ో ā°­ాⰎⰕు ā°Žాā°°్ā°šā°Ąం. (Ex: English to Telugu).

  2. Sentiment Analysis (ā°¸ెంⰟిā°ŽెంⰟ్ ā°…ā°¨ాā°˛ిā°¸ిā°¸్): ā°’ā°• Ⱏెā°•్ā°¸్Ⱏ్ ā°˛ేā°Ļా ā°°ిā°ĩ్ā°¯ూā°¨ి Ⱊā°Ļిā°ĩి, ā°…ంā°Ļుā°˛ో ⰉⰍ్ā°¨ ā°Žā°ŽోⰎⰍ్‌ā°¨ి ā°Ēā°¸ిā°—ā°Ÿ్ā°Ÿā°Ąం.

    • ā°‰ā°Ļా: "ā°¸ిā°¨ిā°Žా ā°Ŧాā°—ుంā°Ļి" $\rightarrow$ Positive.

    • ā°‰ā°Ļా: "ā°¸ిā°¨ిā°Žా ā°…ā°¸్ⰏⰞు ā°Ŧాā°˛ేā°Ļు" $\rightarrow$ Negative.

  3. Chatbots & Virtual Assistants: ChatGPT ā°˛ేā°Ļా Customer Care ⰚాⰟ్‌ā°ŦాⰟ్ā°¸్. ā°Žā°¨ం ā°…ā°Ąిā°—ే ā°Ē్ā°°ā°ļ్ⰍⰞⰕు ā°‡ā°ĩి ā°¸ā°Žాā°§ాā°¨ాā°˛ు ⰇⰏ్ā°¤ాā°¯ి.

  4. Text Summarization: ā°Ēెā°Ļ్ā°Ļ ā°ĩ్ā°¯ాā°¸ాā°˛ు ā°˛ేā°Ļా ā°¨్ā°¯ూā°¸్‌ā°¨ి ā°•్ā°˛ుā°Ē్ā°¤ంā°—ా (Summary) ā°Žాā°°్ā°šā°Ąం.

  5. Speech Recognition: ā°Žā°¨ం ā°ŽాⰟ్ā°˛ాā°Ąే ā°ŽాⰟⰞⰍు Ⱏెā°•్ā°¸్Ⱏ్‌ā°—ా ā°Žాā°°్ā°šā°Ąం (Voice Typing).

-----------------------

NLP Architecture (ā°Ēā°¨ిⰚేā°¸ే ā°ĩిā°§ాā°¨ం) .

ⰈⰏాā°°ి ā°Žā°¨ం "ā°’ā°• ā°ĩంⰟⰞ ā°Ēుā°¸్ⰤⰕం" (Cookbook PDF) ā°‰ā°Ļాā°šā°°ā°Ŗā°—ా ā°¤ీā°¸ుā°•ుంā°Ļాం.

ā°Šā°šింⰚుā°•ోంā°Ąి: ā°Žీ ā°Ļā°—్ā°—ā°° "ā°…ā°Ž్ā°Žā°Ž్ā°Ž ā°ĩంⰟⰞు" ā°…ā°¨ే ā°’ā°• 100 ā°ĒేⰜీā°˛ PDF ā°Ēుā°¸్ⰤⰕం ā°‰ంā°Ļి. ā°Ļాā°¨్ā°¨ి ā°Žీā°°ు ChatGPTā°•ి ā°…ā°Ē్‌ā°˛ోā°Ą్ Ⱊేā°¸ి, "Ⱊిā°•ెā°¨్ ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°Žā°˛ా Ⱊేā°¯ాā°˛ి?" ā°…ā°¨ి ā°…ā°Ąిā°—ాā°°ు.

ā°…ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు ā°Ŧ్ā°¯ాā°•్‌ā°—్ā°°ౌంā°Ą్‌ā°˛ో Ⰸ 4 ā°Ļā°ļā°˛ు (Steps) ā°Žā°˛ా Ⱌⰰుā°—ుā°¤ాā°¯ో Ⱊూā°Ļ్ā°Ļాం.


ā°Ļā°ļ 1: Parsing (Ⱊā°Ļā°ĩā°Ąం / ā°ĩెā°˛ిā°•ిā°¤ీā°¯ā°Ąం)

ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ ā°Žీā°°ు ā°‡ā°š్Ⱊిā°¨ PDFā°¨ి ā°Žā°¨ిā°ˇిā°˛ాā°—ా ā°ĒేⰜీā°˛ు ā°¤ిā°Ē్ā°Ēి Ⱊూā°Ąā°Ļు. PDFā°˛ో Ⱏెā°•్ā°¸్Ⱏ్‌ā°¤ో ā°ĒాⰟు ā°ĢోⰟోā°˛ు, ā°ĄిⰜైā°¨్ā°˛ు, ā°ĒేⰜీ ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ā°˛ు ā°‰ంⰟాā°¯ి.

  • ā°ం Ⱌⰰుā°—ుā°¤ుంā°Ļి? ā°¸ిā°¸్ā°Ÿā°Ž్ ā°† PDFā°˛ోā°¨ి ā°…ā°¨ā°ĩā°¸ā°°ā°Žైā°¨ ā°ĢోⰟోⰞⰍు, ā°ĄిⰜైā°¨్ⰞⰍు ā°Ēā°•్ā°•ā°¨ ā°ĒెⰟ్Ⱏి, ā°•ేā°ĩā°˛ం "Ⱏెā°•్ā°¸్Ⱏ్" (ā°…ā°•్ⰎⰰాⰞⰍు) ā°Žాā°¤్ā°°ā°Žే ā°Ŧā°¯ā°Ÿā°•ు ā°˛ాā°—ుā°¤ుంā°Ļి.

  • ā°‰ā°Ļాā°šā°°ā°Ŗ: ā°† ā°Ŧుā°•్‌ā°˛ో ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°ĢోⰟో ā°‰ంⰟే ā°Ļాā°¨్ā°¨ి ā°ĩā°Ļిā°˛ేā°¸ి, ā°•ింā°Ļ ā°°ాā°¸ి ⰉⰍ్ā°¨ "ā°•ాā°ĩⰞⰏిā°¨ ā°Ēā°Ļాā°°్ā°Ĩాā°˛ు: Ⱊిā°•ెā°¨్, ā°Ŧాā°¸్ā°Žā°¤ి ā°Ŧిā°¯్ā°¯ం..." ā°…ā°¨ే ā°…ā°•్ⰎⰰాⰞⰍు ā°Žాā°¤్ā°°ā°Žే ā°¤ీā°¸ుā°•ుంⰟుంā°Ļి.

ā°Ļā°ļ 2: Chunking (ā°Žుā°•్ā°•ā°˛ు Ⱊేā°¯ā°Ąం)

ā°‡ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ ā°Ļā°—్ā°—ā°° ā°† 100 ā°ĒేⰜీā°˛ Ⱏెā°•్ā°¸్Ⱏ్ ā°Žొā°¤్ā°¤ం ā°’ā°•ే ⰚోⰟ ā°‰ంā°Ļి. ā°•ాā°¨ీ, ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ (ā°˛ేā°Ļా LLM) ā°Žెā°Ļā°Ąుā°•ి ā°•ూā°Ąా ā°’ā°• ā°Ēā°°ిā°Žిā°¤ి ā°‰ంⰟుంā°Ļి. ā°…ā°Ļి ā°Žొā°¤్ā°¤ం ā°Ēుā°¸్ⰤⰕాā°¨్ā°¨ి ā°’ā°•ేā°¸ాā°°ి ā°—ుā°°్ā°¤ుā°ĒెⰟ్Ⱏుā°•ుā°¨ి ā°Ē్ā°°ాā°¸ెā°¸్ ⰚేⰝⰞేā°Ļు.

  • ā°ం Ⱌⰰుā°—ుā°¤ుంā°Ļి? ā°† ā°Ēెā°Ļ్ā°Ļ Ⱏెā°•్ā°¸్Ⱏ్‌ā°¨ి ā°…ā°Ļి Ⱊిā°¨్ā°¨ Ⱊిā°¨్ā°¨ "ā°Ēేā°°ాā°˛ు" (Paragraphs) ā°˛ేā°Ļా "ā°Žుā°•్ā°•ā°˛ు" (Chunks) ā°—ా ā°ĩిā°Ąā°—ొā°Ąుā°¤ుంā°Ļి.

  • ā°‰ā°Ļాā°šā°°ā°Ŗ:

    • Chunk 1: ā°‡ā°Ą్ā°˛ీ ⰤⰝాā°°ీ ā°ĩిā°§ాā°¨ం.

    • Chunk 2: Ⱊిā°•ెā°¨్ ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ⰤⰝాā°°ీ ā°ĩిā°§ాā°¨ం.

    • Chunk 3: ā°—ుā°˛ాā°Ŧ్ Ⱌాā°Ž్ ⰤⰝాā°°ీ ā°ĩిā°§ాā°¨ం.

    • ⰇⰞా ā°ĩేā°°ు ā°ĩేā°°ుā°—ా ā°ĩిⰭⰜిā°¸్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి.

ā°Ļā°ļ 3: Vectorization (ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ā°˛ుā°—ా ā°Žాā°°్ā°šā°Ąం - ā°…ā°¤ి ā°Žుā°–్ā°¯ā°Žైā°¨ ā°Ļā°ļ)

ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్‌ā°•ి ā°¤ెā°˛ుā°—ు ā°°ాā°Ļు, ā°‡ంā°—్ā°˛ీā°ˇ్ ā°°ాā°Ļు. ā°Ļాā°¨ిā°•ి "Ⱊిā°•ెā°¨్" ā°…ā°¨్ā°¨ా "ā°‡ā°Ą్ā°˛ీ" ā°…ā°¨్ā°¨ా ā°¤ేā°Ąా ā°¤ెā°˛ిā°¯ā°Ļు. ā°…ంā°Ļుā°•ే ā°…ā°Ļి Ⰸ Ⱊంā°•్ā°¸్‌ā°¨ి ⰤⰍⰕు ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩā°Žā°¯్ā°¯ే ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ā°¸్ (Vectors) ā°•ింā°Ļ ā°Žాā°°్Ⱊుā°•ుంⰟుంā°Ļి. ā°Ļీā°¨్ā°¨ే Embeddings ā°…ā°¨ి ā°•ూā°Ąా ā°…ంⰟాā°°ు.

  • ā°ం Ⱌⰰుā°—ుā°¤ుంā°Ļి? ā°Ē్ā°°ā°¤ి Ⱊంā°•్‌ā°•ి ā°…ā°Ļి ā°’ā°• ā°¯ూā°¨ిā°•్ ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ ā°•ోā°Ą్ (Vector ID) ⰇⰏ్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి. Ⰸ ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ⰞⰞో ā°† ā°Ēā°Ļాā°˛ ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩం ā°Ļాā°—ి ā°‰ంⰟుంā°Ļి.

  • ā°‰ā°Ļాā°šā°°ā°Ŗ:

    • Chunk 1 (ā°‡ā°Ą్ā°˛ీ) $\rightarrow$ [0.1, 0.5, 0.9] (ā°‡ā°Ļి Ⱏిā°Ģిā°¨్ ā°…ā°¨ి ā°Ļాā°¨ిā°•ి ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩā°Žā°¯్ā°¯ే ā°•ోā°Ą్).

    • Chunk 2 (ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ) $\rightarrow$ [0.8, 0.2, 0.9] (ā°‡ā°Ļి ā°¸్ā°Ēైā°¸ీ ā°Ģుā°Ą్ ā°…ā°¨ి ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩā°Žā°¯్ā°¯ే ā°•ోā°Ą్).

    • Chunk 3 (ā°—ుā°˛ాā°Ŧ్ Ⱌాā°Ž్) $\rightarrow$ [0.3, 0.4, 0.1] (ā°‡ā°Ļి ā°¸్ā°ĩీⰟ్ ā°…ā°¨ి ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩā°Žā°¯్ā°¯ే ā°•ోā°Ą్).

ā°‡ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు Ⰸ ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ⰞⰍ్ā°¨ీ ā°’ā°• ā°ĄేⰟాā°Ŧేā°¸్ (Vector Database) ā°˛ో ā°¸ేā°ĩ్ ā°…ā°ĩుā°¤ాā°¯ి.

ā°Ļā°ļ 4: Retrieval & Response (ā°ĩెā°¤ā°•ā°Ąం & ā°¸ā°Žాā°§ాā°¨ం)

ā°‡ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు ā°Žీā°°ు ⰚాⰟ్‌ā°˛ో ā°Ē్ā°°ā°ļ్ā°¨ ā°…ā°Ąిā°—ాā°°ు:

ā°Ē్ā°°ā°ļ్ā°¨: "Ⱊిā°•ెā°¨్ ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ⰤⰝాā°°ీā°•ి ā°ā°Žేం ā°•ాā°ĩాā°˛ి?"

ⰇⰕ్ā°•ā°Ą ā°Ž్ā°¯ాⰜిā°•్ Ⱌⰰుā°—ుā°¤ుంā°Ļి:

  1. Question to Vector: ā°Žుంā°Ļు ā°Žీ ā°Ē్ā°°ā°ļ్ⰍⰍి ā°•ూā°Ąా ā°…ā°Ļి ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ ā°•ింā°Ļ ā°Žాā°°ుā°¸్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి. (ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°…ā°¨ే ā°Ēā°Ļం ā°‰ంā°Ļి ā°•ాā°ŦⰟ్Ⱏి, ā°Ļాā°¨ి ā°•ోā°Ą్ [0.8, ...] ā°˛ాā°—ా ā°ĩā°¸్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి).

  2. Matching (ā°ĩెā°•్Ⱏాā°°్ ā°¸ెā°°్Ⱊ్): ā°‡ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు Ⰸ ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ ā°¤ీā°¸ుā°•ెā°ŗ్ā°˛ి ā°ĄేⰟాā°Ŧేā°¸్‌ā°˛ో ā°ĩెā°¤ుā°•ుā°¤ుంā°Ļి.

    • ā°‡ā°Ą్ā°˛ీ ā°•ోā°Ą్ (Match ā°…ā°ĩ్ā°ĩā°˛ేā°Ļు). ❌

    • ā°—ుā°˛ాā°Ŧ్ Ⱌాā°Ž్ ā°•ోā°Ą్ (Match ā°…ā°ĩ్ā°ĩā°˛ేā°Ļు). ❌

    • ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°•ోā°Ą్ (Match ā°…ā°¯్ā°¯ింā°Ļి!). ✅

  3. Response: ā°† ā°Ž్ā°¯ాⰚ్ ā°…ā°¯ిā°¨ "Chunk 2" (ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°°ెā°¸ిā°Ēీ) ā°¨ి ā°Ŧā°¯ā°Ÿā°•ు ā°¤ీā°¸ి, ā°Ļాā°¨్ā°¨ి ā°šā°•్ā°•ā°—ా ā°Ģ్ā°°ేā°Ž్ Ⱊేā°¸ి ā°Žీā°•ు ā°¸ā°Žాā°§ాā°¨ం ⰇⰏ్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి.


ā°¸ింā°Ēుā°˛్‌ā°—ా Ⱊెā°Ē్ā°Ēాā°˛ంⰟే:

  1. Parsing: ā°Ēుā°¸్ⰤⰕంā°˛ో ā°…ā°•్ⰎⰰాⰞⰍు ā°—ుⰜ్Ⱌుā°˛ా ā°¤ీā°¯ā°Ąం.

  2. Chunking: ā°† ā°—ుⰜ్Ⱌుā°¨ి Ⱊిā°¨్ā°¨ Ⱊిā°¨్ā°¨ ā°‰ంā°Ąā°˛ుā°—ా Ⱊేā°¯ā°Ąం.

  3. Vectorization: ā° ā°‰ంā°Ąā°˛ో ā° ā°°ుⰚి (Flavor) ā°‰ంā°Ļో ā°˛ేā°Ŧుā°˛్/ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ ā°ĩేā°¯ā°Ąం.

  4. Retrieval: ā°Žీā°°ు "ā°¸్ā°ĩీⰟ్ ā°•ాā°ĩాā°˛ి" ā°…ā°¨ి ā°…ā°Ąిā°—ిā°¤ే, ā°•ā°°ెā°•్Ⱏ్ ā°—ా ā°† ā°¸్ā°ĩీⰟ్ ā°˛ేā°Ŧుā°˛్ ⰉⰍ్ā°¨ ā°‰ంā°Ąā°¨ి ā°¤ీā°¸ి ā°Žీā°•ు ā°‡ā°ĩ్ā°ĩā°Ąం.

ā°‡ā°Ļే ā°Žā°¨ం ā°Ąాā°•్ā°¯ుā°ŽెంⰟ్ā°¸్ ā°…ā°Ē్‌ā°˛ోā°Ą్ Ⱊేā°¸ిā°¨ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు Ⱌⰰిā°—ే ā°Ē్ā°°ాā°¸ెā°¸్!

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"Bag of Words" ā°•ాā°¨్ā°¸ెā°Ē్Ⱏ్‌ā°¨ి ā°‡ంā°•ొంⰚెం Ⰿⰰā°Ļాā°—ా, ā°…ంā°Ļā°°ిā°•ీ ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩā°Žā°¯్ā°¯ే "ā°Ģుā°Ą్ (Food)" ā°‰ā°Ļాā°šā°°ā°Ŗā°¤ో Ⱊూā°Ļ్ā°Ļాం.

ā°Žā°¨ం ā°°ెā°¸్Ⱏాā°°ెంⰟ్‌ā°˛ో Ⰶⰰ్ā°Ąā°°్ ⰇⰏ్ā°¤ుā°¨్ā°¨ాం ā°…ā°¨ుā°•ోంā°Ąి. ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ ā°Žā°¨ Ⰶⰰ్ā°Ąā°°్‌ā°¨ి ā°Žā°˛ా ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ā°¸్ (Vectors) ā°•ింā°Ļ ā°Žాā°°ుā°¸్ā°¤ుంā°Ļో Ⱊూā°Ļ్ā°Ļాం.

Ⰸ 3 ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ాā°˛ు ā°¤ీā°¸ుā°•ోంā°Ąి:

  1. I eat Chicken Biryani. (ā°¨ేā°¨ు Ⱊిā°•ెā°¨్ ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°¤ింⰟాā°¨ు)

  2. I eat Veg Pizza. (ā°¨ేā°¨ు ā°ĩెⰜ్ ā°ĒిⰜ్Ⱌా ā°¤ింⰟాā°¨ు)

  3. Biryani and Pizza are tasty. (ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°Žā°°ిā°¯ు ā°ĒిⰜ్Ⱌా ā°°ుⰚిā°—ా ā°‰ంⰟాā°¯ి)


Step 1: ā°Žుā°–్ā°¯ā°Žైā°¨ ā°Ēā°ĻాⰞⰍు ā°¤ీā°¸ుā°•ోā°ĩā°Ąం (Vocabulary)

ā°Žుంā°Ļుā°—ా, ā°‡ంā°Ļుā°˛ో "I", "eat", "and", "are" ā°ĩంⰟి ā°•ాā°Žā°¨్ ā°Ēā°ĻాⰞⰍు (Stop words) ā°Ēā°•్ā°•ā°¨ ā°ĒెⰟ్Ⱏేā°Ļ్ā°Ļాం.

ā°Žిā°—ిā°˛ిā°¨ ā°Žుā°–్ā°¯ā°Žైā°¨ ā°¯ూā°¨ిā°•్ (Unique) ā°Ēā°Ļాā°˛ు ā°‡ā°ĩే:

  1. Chicken

  2. Biryani

  3. Veg

  4. Pizza

  5. Tasty

ā°‡ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు Ⰸ 5 ā°Ēā°ĻాⰞⰍు ā°Žā°¨ "ā°Ąిā°•్ⰎⰍⰰీ" (Bag) ā°…ā°¨ుā°•ుంā°Ļాం.


Step 2: Ⱏేā°Ŧుā°˛్ ā°ĩేā°¯ā°Ąం (0s and 1s)

ā°‡ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు ā°Ē్ā°°ā°¤ి ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ాā°¨్ā°¨ి Ⰸ ā°Ēā°ĻాⰞⰤో ā°Ēోā°˛్Ⱊి Ⱊూā°Ļ్ā°Ļాం.

  • ā°† ā°Ēā°Ļం ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ంā°˛ో ā°‰ంⰟే 1 (Yes).

  • ā°˛ేā°•ā°Ēోā°¤ే 0 (No).

Sentence (ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ం)ChickenBiryaniVegPizzaTastyFinal Vector (ā°•ోā°Ą్)
1. I eat Chicken Biryani11000[1, 1, 0, 0, 0]
2. I eat Veg Pizza00110[0, 0, 1, 1, 0]
3. Biryani and Pizza are tasty01011[0, 1, 0, 1, 1]

Step 3: ā°ĩిā°ļ్ā°˛ేⰎⰪ (Analysis)

ā°‡ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ ā°Ļృā°ˇ్Ⱏిā°˛ో:

  • ā°Žొā°ĻⰟి ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ం ā°…ంⰟే "Chicken Biryani" ā°•ాā°Ļు, ā°…ā°Ļి [1, 1, 0, 0, 0].

  • ā°°ెంā°Ąో ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ం ā°…ంⰟే "Veg Pizza" ā°•ాā°Ļు, ā°…ā°Ļి [0, 0, 1, 1, 0].

ā°Ļీā°¨ి ā°ĩā°˛్ā°˛ ā°‰ā°Ēā°¯ోā°—ం ā°ంⰟి?

ā°‰ā°Ļాā°šā°°ā°Ŗā°•ు, ā°Žీā°°ు ChatGPTā°¨ి "ā°¨ాā°•ు Biryani ā°—ుā°°ింⰚి Ⱊెā°Ē్ā°Ēు" ā°…ā°¨ి ā°…ā°Ąిā°—ాā°°ు ā°…ā°¨ుā°•ోంā°Ąి.

ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ ā°ĩెంⰟⰍే ⰤⰍ ā°ĄేⰟాā°Ŧేā°¸్‌ā°˛ో "Biryani" ā°…ā°¨ే ā°•ాā°˛ā°Ž్ (Column) ā°Žā°•్ā°•ā°Ą '1' ā°‰ంā°Ļో Ⱊెā°•్ Ⱊేā°¸్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి.

  • ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ం 1ā°˛ో ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°‰ంā°Ļి (1).

  • ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ం 3ā°˛ో ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°‰ంā°Ļి (1).

  • ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ం 2ā°˛ో ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°˛ేā°Ļు (0).

ā°¸ో, ā°…ā°Ļి ā°ĩెంⰟⰍే ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ం 1 ā°Žā°°ిā°¯ు 3 ā°¨ుంā°Ąి ā°¸ā°ŽాⰚాā°°ాā°¨్ā°¨ి ā°¤ీā°¸ుā°•ుā°¨ి ā°Žీā°•ు ⰆⰍ్Ⰿⰰ్ ⰇⰏ్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి. ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ం 2 (Pizza)ā°¨ి ā°ĩā°Ļిā°˛ేā°¸్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి.

ⰇⰞాā°—ే ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ā°˛ు ⰞⰕ్ⰎⰞ ā°Ēā°ĻాⰞⰍు ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ā°˛ుā°—ా ā°Žాā°°్Ⱊుā°•ుā°¨ి, ā°Žā°¨ā°•ు ā°•ాā°ĩాā°˛్ā°¸ిā°¨ ā°¸ā°Žాā°§ాā°¨ాā°¨్ā°¨ి ā°•్ⰎⰪాā°˛్ā°˛ో ā°ĩెā°¤ిā°•ి ⰇⰏ్ā°¤ాā°¯ి. ā°‡ā°Ļే Text to Vector ā°•ాā°¨్ā°¸ెā°Ē్Ⱏ్!


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ā°Žీā°°ు "ā°¨ాā°•ు Biryani ā°—ుā°°ింⰚి Ⱊెā°Ē్ā°Ēు" ā°…ā°¨ి ā°…ā°Ąిā°—ిā°¨ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు, ā°† ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ā°¸్ (Vectors) ā°Ļ్ā°ĩాā°°ా ā°Ē్ā°°ాā°¸ెā°¸్ ā°Žā°˛ా Ⱌⰰుā°—ుā°¤ుంā°Ļో ā°¸్Ⱏెā°Ē్-ā°Ŧై-ā°¸్Ⱏెā°Ē్ Ⱊూā°Ļ్ā°Ļాం.

ā°‡ā°Ļి "Vector Search" (ā°ĩెā°•్Ⱏాā°°్ ā°¸ెā°°్Ⱊ్) ā°…ā°¨ే ā°Ēā°Ļ్ā°§ā°¤ిā°˛ో Ⱌⰰుā°—ుā°¤ుంā°Ļి.

Step 1: ā°Žీ ā°Ē్ā°°ā°ļ్ⰍⰍు ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్‌ā°—ా ā°Žాā°°్ā°šā°Ąం (Query Vector)

ā°Žుంā°Ļుā°—ా, ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ ā°Žీ ā°Ē్ā°°ā°ļ్ⰍⰞో ⰉⰍ్ā°¨ ā°Žుā°–్ā°¯ā°Žైā°¨ ā°Ēā°Ļాā°¨్ā°¨ి (Biryani) ā°¤ీā°¸ుā°•ుంⰟుంā°Ļి. ā°Žā°¨ ā°Ēాā°¤ Ⱏేā°Ŧుā°˛్ ā°Ē్ā°°ā°•ాā°°ం ā°Ļీā°¨ిā°•ి ā°•ోā°Ą్ ⰇⰏ్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి.

ā°Žā°¨ ā°Ļā°—్ā°—ā°° ⰉⰍ్ā°¨ ā°Ēā°Ļాā°˛ు: [Chicken, Biryani, Veg, Pizza, Tasty]

ā°Žీ ā°Ē్ā°°ā°ļ్ā°¨ ā°•ోā°Ą్ (Query Vector) ⰇⰞా ā°‰ంⰟుంā°Ļి:

[0, 1, 0, 0, 0]

(ā°Žంā°Ļుā°•ంⰟే ā°Žీ ā°Ē్ā°°ā°ļ్ⰍⰞో Ⱊిā°•ెā°¨్ ā°˛ేā°Ļు, ā°ĒిⰜ్Ⱌా ā°˛ేā°Ļు.. ā°•ేā°ĩā°˛ం ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ (2ā°ĩ ā°¸్ā°Ĩాā°¨ం) ā°Žాā°¤్ā°°ā°Žే ā°‰ంā°Ļి ā°•ాā°ŦⰟ్Ⱏి ā°…ā°•్ā°•ā°Ą '1' ā°ĩā°¸్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి).


Step 2: ā°Ēోā°˛్Ⱊి Ⱊూā°Ąā°Ÿం (Matching)

ā°‡ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్ Ⰸ ā°•ోā°Ą్ [0, 1, 0, 0, 0] ā°¨ి ā°Žā°¨ ā°Ļā°—్ā°—ā°° ⰉⰍ్ā°¨ 3 ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ాā°˛ ā°•ోā°Ą్ā°¸్‌ā°¤ో ā°Ēోā°˛్Ⱊి Ⱊూā°¸్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి. ā°Žā°•్ā°•ā°Ąైā°¤ే "Biryani" ā°¸్ā°Ĩాā°¨ంā°˛ో 1 ā°‰ంⰟుంā°Ļో, ā°Ļాā°¨్ā°¨ే ā°¸ెā°˛ెā°•్Ⱏ్ Ⱊేā°¸్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి.

  • Sentence 1 ā°•ోā°Ą్: [1, 1, 0, 0, 0] $\rightarrow$ ⰇⰕ్ā°•ā°Ą 2ā°ĩ ā°¸్ā°Ĩాā°¨ంā°˛ో 1 ā°‰ంā°Ļి. (Match ā°…ā°¯్ā°¯ింā°Ļి!) ✅

  • Sentence 2 ā°•ోā°Ą్: [0, 0, 1, 1, 0] $\rightarrow$ ⰇⰕ్ā°•ā°Ą 2ā°ĩ ā°¸్ā°Ĩాā°¨ంā°˛ో 0 ā°‰ంā°Ļి. (Match ā°…ā°ĩ్ā°ĩā°˛ేā°Ļు - ā°‡ā°Ļి ā°ĒిⰜ్Ⱌా ā°—ుā°°ింⰚి). ❌

  • Sentence 3 ā°•ోā°Ą్: [0, 1, 0, 1, 1] $\rightarrow$ ⰇⰕ్ā°•ā°Ą 2ā°ĩ ā°¸్ā°Ĩాā°¨ంā°˛ో 1 ā°‰ంā°Ļి. (Match ā°…ā°¯్ā°¯ింā°Ļి!) ✅


Step 3: ā°¸ā°Žాā°§ాā°¨ం ā°‡ā°ĩ్ā°ĩā°Ąం (Retrieval & Response)

ā°•ంā°Ē్ā°¯ూⰟⰰ్‌ā°•ి ā°‡ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు ā°…ā°°్ā°Ĩā°Žైంā°Ļి ā°ంⰟంⰟే, Sentence 1 ā°Žā°°ిā°¯ు Sentence 3 ā°˛ో ā°Žీā°°ు ā°…ā°Ąిā°—ిā°¨ "ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ" ā°¸ā°ŽాⰚాā°°ం ā°‰ంā°Ļి.

ā°…ā°Ē్ā°Ēుā°Ąు ā°…ā°Ļి ā°† ā°°ెంā°Ąు ā°ĩాā°•్ā°¯ాⰞⰍు ā°¤ీā°¸ుā°•ుంⰟుంā°Ļి:

  1. I eat Chicken Biryani.

  2. Biryani and Pizza are tasty.

Ⰸ ā°°ెంā°ĄింⰟిā°¨ీ ā°•ā°˛ిā°Ēి, LLM (Language Model) ā°Žీā°•ు ā°’ā°• ā°šā°•్ā°•ā°Ÿి ā°¸ā°Žాā°§ాā°¨ాā°¨్ā°¨ి ⰇⰞా ⰇⰏ్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి:

"Chicken Biryani is a tasty food." (Ⱊిā°•ెā°¨్ ā°Ŧిā°°్ā°¯ాā°¨ీ ā°°ుⰚిā°—ా ā°‰ంⰟుంā°Ļి).

ā°¸ాā°°ాంā°ļం:

ā°Žీā°°ు ā°ā°Ļి ā°…ā°Ąిā°—ిā°¨ా Ⰿⰰే, ā°Ļాā°¨్ā°¨ి ⰇⰞా ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ā°¸్ (0s & 1s) ā°•ింā°Ļ ā°Žాā°°్Ⱊుā°•ుā°¨ి, ā°ĄేⰟాā°Ŧేā°¸్‌ā°˛ో ā°Žā°•్ā°•ā°Ą ā°Ž్ā°¯ాⰚ్ ā°…ā°ĩుā°¤ుంā°Ļో ā°ĩెā°¤ిā°•ి, ā°† ā°¸ā°ŽాⰚాā°°ాā°¨్ā°¨ి ā°Žాā°¤్ā°°ā°Žే ā°Žీā°•ు Ⱊూā°Ēిā°¸్ā°¤ుంā°Ļి. ā°ĒిⰜ్Ⱌా ā°—ుā°°ింⰚి (Sentence 2) ā°Žీā°•ు Ⱊూā°ĒింⰚā°Ļు, ā°Žంā°Ļుā°•ంⰟే ā°† ā°¨ంā°Ŧā°°్ ā°Ž్ā°¯ాⰚ్ ā°…ā°ĩ్ā°ĩā°˛ేā°Ļు